The book discusses the anatomy and physiology of administration sites. Oral drug administration to pediatric patients is characterized by. Introduction to pharmacology and sources of drugs authorstream presentation. We used a nonexperimental causal comparative and correlational design. There is a lack of primary research on nurses knowledge of pharmacology for the purpose of drug administration. The six rights of safe medication administration wa health. Condition of the patient unconscious, vomiting, diarrhoea. Introduction to pharmacology, and routes of drug administration. Pharmacology seventh edition routes of drug administration.
This route is suitable for administration of solution and suspensions. Jun 10, 2015 major routes of drug administration include enteral, parenteral, and topical among others. For some medications, two nurses are needed to sign off on a new order such a heparin and insulin. A drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. If drug contraindicated, may consider pump and dump route of administration drugs given iv before of poor po bioavailability are usually poorly absorbed by infant through milk drug pharmacokinetics drugs with long halflife may result in cumulative exposure in infant. Describe the physicochemical and physiological factors that influence the absorption of drugs from enteral and parenteral routes of administration, their distribution within the body, and their routes and mechanisms of elimination. Principles of pharmacokinetics learning objectives. It also offers comprehensive coverage of diagnostic contrast agents, along with drug administration procedures, emergency responses to drug reactions, and legal and ethical aspects of medication administration. Rapid onset of action due to rapid access to circulation. Routes of drug administration advantages of inhalation rapid action of the drug, with local effects with in the respiratory tract potent drugs may be given in small. Routes of drug administration routes of drug administration enteral, parenteral, topical i.
We provide a venue through which specialists across disciplines can rapidly exchange information in health sciences that pertains to modern pharmacological topics. Drugs are usually injected into the muscle of the upper arm, thigh, or buttock. Routes of drug administration pharmacology wiki fandom. The drugs administration by this route generally affects to the part to which they are applied. Other pharmacokinetic issues, such as drug absorption, distribution, and storage, will then be addressed. Most drugs are absorbed from small intestine but some are absorbed from stomach and colon. The drug administration schedule can sometimes be flexible in order to accommodate the clients activities for the day or preferences. Time of action using different routes of administration drugs take different time durations after injection using different routes to perform their actions. Phar 7633 chapter 7 routes of drug administration subcutaneous sc this involves administration of the drug by injection just under the skin. Intravitreal intravitreal is a route of administration of a drug or other substance, in which the substance is delivered into the eye. Pharmacology explains what drugs are, what they do to body functions and what the body does to them. It is safer more convenient, does not need assistance, non invasive, often painless, the medicament. This article focuses on the principles of drug action and includes an overview of the different types of drugs.
This is an introduction to pharmacology, talking specifically about the characteristics of drugs. Pharmacology administration of drugs flashcards quizlet. Answers to pharmacology for technicians fifth edition. The cancer drug requiring good hydration prior to administration is. Drug administration drugs merck manuals consumer version.
Route of drug administration with selection parameters in. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following except. It must be easily inactivated or excreted from the body once it has been used for its purpose. This route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal medicated adhesive patch. Introduction to pharmacology i characteristics of drugs. Content and format of investigational new drug applications inds for phase 1 studies of drugs, including wellcharacterized, therapeutic, biotechnologyderived products pdf 42kb final guidance. Drug and patientrelated factors determine the selection of routes for drug administration. Phar 7633 chapter 7 routes of drug administration oral po oral administration will be covered in more detail in subsequent chapters. The air bubble follows the drug into the tissues and seals the area where the drug was injected, therefore preventing oozing of the drug up through the extremely small pathway created by the needle 3. Regarding termination of drug action a drug must be exerted from the body to. Exam mode questions and choices are randomly arranged, time limit of 1min per question, answers and grade will be revealed after finishing the exam.
Placement of drug directly into any part of the git is called an enteral mode of administration. Pdf nurses knowledge of pharmacology behind drugs they. Sep 25, 2017 hello my dear friends here i am going to discuss about the topic route of drug administration. Advantages safe convenient self administered, pain free, noninvasive and easy to take economical compared to other parentral routes usually good absorption takes place along the whole length of the gi tract no need for sterilization 6. The route of administration is determined by properties of the drug for example, water or lipid solubility, ionization and by the therapeutic objectives for example, the need for a rapid onset, the need for longterm treatment, or restriction of delivery to a local site. It will provide you a complete journey through the routes of drug administration, with all the basics covered i hope this presentation will make your fundament slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Basics in pharmacology and medication administration lois e. Drug administration drugs msd manual consumer version. C pig voluntarily accepting medication when administered. Introduction to pharmacology, and routes of drugs administration.
Transdermal this route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal medicated adhesive patch. The central goal of nursing pharmacology is to enable nurses to provide medications to patients safely and appropriately using the route best suited for the administration. Pharmacology toxicology food and drug administration. It is the route of choice for drugs that cannot be absorbed orally and or that are. Apr 01, 2012 it will provide you a complete journey through the routes of drug administration, with all the basics covered i hope this presentation will make your fundamentals crystal clear. Routes of drug administration covers topics about parenteral and enteral routes of drug administration. Route of administration an overview sciencedirect topics. While holding the tissues in the lateral position, insert a needle at a 90 degree angle and inject the drug. Because the muscles lie below the skin and fatty tissues, a longer needle is used. Routes of drug administration pharmacology 3571 with. Additionally, a veterinary technician must be knowledgeable about dosage forms, syringe construction, and hatch marks and must be able to draw correct amounts of medication within a syringe, know the six rights of drug administration, be capable of administering medication by all available routes, be knowledgeable in the area of client. Pharmacology also explains why a person may experience side effects when they take drugs and why there is such a wide spectrum of differences between drug actions in different people. Routes of drug administration 1st edition elsevier. This article throws light upon the three main routes of drug administration.
Route of administration plays a significant role in the incidence of hypersensitivity as iv administration causes a significant number of hypersensitive responses 643% whereas im or subcutaneous routes cause far lower incidences 614%. This is followed by a discussion of rectal, sublingual and injection routes of. Pharmacological research publishes cuttingedge articles in biomedical sciences to cover a broad range of topics that move the pharmacological field forward. Home medical reference and training manuals routes of administration pharmacology i time of administration pharmacology i types of adverse reaction to a drug pharmacology i. Routes of drug administration if you are taking the ptcb exam, you need to know all about drug administration routes. We also know that nurses and teachers of pharmacology are not satisfied with the amount of pharmacology taught in preregistration programmes in the uk.
Absorption can be fast from aqueous solution but slower with depot formulations. Routes of administration an overview sciencedirect topics. Study guide for nln rn pharmacology exam page 7 of 64 therapy. Sep 14, 2017 this video will help you to understand about basic pharmacology like what is drug what is pharmacokinetics what is pharmacodynamics routes of drug administration. In this administration the drug is administered in the gaseous form. A route of drug administration is the path by which a drug or other substance is brought into contact with the body. Identify sample pharmaceutical agents as to dosage form and. General pharmacology gp01 a a drug is given at a dose of 50 mgkg to a 70 kg man. Extrapolation of mdma findings from animals to humans requires assessment of pharmacokinetics in various species, and lowdose administration data from rats are lacking. When administering a drug, the nurse should ensure that the pharmaceutical preparation is appropriate for the route specified.
Make sure to study these drugs for your foundation in pharmacology. Route of administration is the path by which a drug, is brought into contact with the body. Advantages safe convenient self administered, pain free, noninvasive and easy to take economical compared to other parentral routes usually good absorption takes place along the whole length of the gi tract no need for sterilization. This time delay is important, oral route has controlled release time, thus depot or reservoir preparation may. Oral ingestion is the oldest and commonest mode of drug administration. When an immediate drug effect is desired or when for any reason the drug cannot be injected into the other tissues or when absorption may be inhibited by poor circulation intravenous injections are given. Rapid injections are used to treat epileptic seizures, acute asthma, or cardiac arrhythmias. In the second part of this article, the authors examine the biological consequences for patients of changes in drug formulation, nonadherence to drug administration schedules and failure to. Routes of administration medicinal chemistry pharmacology. This echapter has an introduction to pharmacology and drug nomenclature followed by a detailed discussion of routes of administration starting with oral administration with absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and first pass liver metabolism. Pharmacology department multiplechoice tests in pharmacology vologograd 2006. General pharmacology 2 most of the drugs can be administered by different routes.
Administration of substances to laboratory animals. Routes of administration and dosage forms pharmacology. Although understanding the basic pharmacology of any administered therapeutic or chemical. Summary this echapter has an introduction to pharmacology and drug nomenclature followed by a detailed discussion of routes of administration starting with oral administration with absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and first pass liver metabolism. Intravenous usually refers to a way of giving a drug or other substance through a needle or tube inserted into a vein. The rate of absorption can vary markedly, depending on the physical characteristics of the drug lipid soluble and skin at the site of application. The drug may be swallowed, allowing oral delivery, or it may be placed under the tongue sublingual or between the gums and cheek buccal, facilitating direct absorption into the bloodstream. The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are iv, im, and sc, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle. The drug administered through systemic routes is intended to be absorbed into the blood stream and distributed all over, including the site action, through circulation.
Practice mode questions and choices are randomly arranged, the answer is revealed instantly after each question, and there is no time limit for the exam. On oral administration, drug action has a slower onset and more prolonged but less potent effect than when drugs are given parenterally. Introduction to pharmacology, and routes of drugs administration and absorption. Pharmacology published a statement on recommendations on the. Phar 7633 chapter 7 routes of drug administration intravenous iv drugs may be given into a peripheral vein over 1 to 2 minutes or longer by infusion. Parenteral route of administration and dosage forms a drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. A focus group study about oral drug administration. Assess patient for apnea, bradycardia, hypotension.
Nclex practice exam for pharmacology essential principles. February 24th, 2011 pharmacokinetics is the branch of pharmacology that deals with what happens to a drug when it is administered or ingested. It refers to the right path or the required route through which a drug has to be administered into the body to obtain maximum benefit. Routes of administration greatly affect bioavailability by changing the number of biologic barriers a drug must cross or by changing the exposure of drug to pumping and metabolic mechanisms enteral administration. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Literature suggests that nurses have insufficient pharmacology knowledge. The plasma concentration after giving it is 10 mgml. Dosage form design may also be used modify the rate of absorption. The route of administration roa that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts 042912 11 major routes s the. The dosage forms of the oral route include tablets, capsules, powders, mixtures, emulsions and gels. Basics in pharmacology and medication administration lois e brenneman, msn, anp, fnp, c.
Study 28 routes of drug administration flashcards from chelsea t. I will briefly touch on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics and speak about how the characteristics of some drugs are important in their effect on the body. Dowd, in pharmacology and therapeutics for dentistry seventh edition, 2017. Based on animal data, there is speculation that 3,4methylenedioxymethamphetamine mdma is neurotoxic to humans. In this video lecture, professor fink identifies the major routes of administration of drugs and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each. Associate professor department of pharmacology kasturba medical college, mangalore. Nurses knowledge of pharmacology behind drugs they commonly.
May 28, 2015 the drug must have a very specific size, shape, atomic configuration and electrical charge to be able to interact with the receptor. Routes and techniques of drug administration veterian key. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. Route of drug administration is the medium in which any drug is introduced into the body for its action.
Intramuscular route an overview sciencedirect topics. Aerosols localtopical route of drug administration in this route the drug is applied on the skin. The intramuscular route is often selected for drugs that cannot be given orally because of slow or erratic absorption, high percentage of drug inactivation, or lack of patient cooperation table 21. Drugs are introduced into the body by several routes. The intramuscular route is preferred to the subcutaneous route when larger volumes of a drug product are needed. The dose equals the strength of the medication multiplied by the amount. Parent er al drug administration is carried out directly through the skin, in or towards systemic circulation. Pharmacology, the science of drugs, deals with all aspects of drugs in medicine, including their mechanism of action, physical and chemical properties, metabolism, therapeutics, and toxicity. Some of these interactions are directly related to the reinforcing properties of a drug, while others are related to other effects associated with the drug. Check the pdr, american hospital formulary, drug package insert, or other drug references for recommended range of specific drug doses. The workbook is designed to present you with a hard copy of the slides used in the. Drug metabolism will be covered in the next chapter. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Absorption after oral administration can be quite variable.
Sep 06, 2014 oral route the most common route of drug administration. This chapter will begin by considering various routes of administration. The neuropharmacology of drugs of abuse 3 rugs of abuse interact with the neurochemical mechanisms of the brain. Drugs that can be administered by the nasal route include nicotine for smoking cessation, calcitonin for osteoporosis, sumatriptan for migraine headaches, and corticosteroids for allergies. Inhalation administration involves inhaling of a drug in gas or liquid form.
Drugs administered by this route generally work quickly. Pharmacocognosy the study of the use of drugs identifying crude materials as drugs pharmacology toxicology 18mar rahul 5. Its the nurses responsibility to be aware of tests or procedures that are taking place that may affect the medication administration. Distribution of drugs to specific tissues a is independent of blood flow to the organ b is independent of the solubility of the drug in that tissue c depends on the unbound drug concentration gradient between blood and tissue d is increased for drugs that are strongly bound to plasma proteins e has no effect on the halflife of the drug 5. A drug must have the necessary properties to travel to its site of action or receptor from its site of administration. This is the most convenient route of drug administration when patients cooperate with the physicians. It provides introductory material on pharmacological nomenclature, drug classifications, pharmacokinetics, and drugs used in imaging. Pharmacology is the study of the actions of drugs, incorporating knowledge from other interrelated sciences, such as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
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